Randolph Township was formed from Elizabeth Township in 1804. The settlement of the area took place in two migrations, the first by river boat through Cincinnati in the early 1800s. Settlers first to arrive were Quakers from Randolph County, North Carolina led by Daniel Hoover and David Mast and Mennonites and Brethren from Pennsylvania led by the Warner, Rasor, Herr and Brumbaugh families. The second wave began after the National Road had reached the township in 1838 and brought mainly German Baptist families overland from Pennsylvania. A township government existed from at least 1810 until January 1998 when rural parts of the township merged with the Village of Clayton.
The township no longer exists as a governing unit but has been replaced by the city governments of Clayton, Englewood, and Union. The boundaries of the old township are the Stillwater River on the east, Westbrook Road on the south, and Diamond Mill Road on the west, and County line Road on the north. The township still exists for survey records purposes.
Source: Randolph Township Historical Society